论英语自然地理术语的汉译

论英语自然地理术语的汉译(选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,中期检查表,毕业论文6860字)
摘  要：在解决气候变化、能源依赖和全球化等一系列大问题方面，自然地理都起着非常重要的作用。鉴于其重要性和翻译工作的需要，本文将就对等原则以及一些翻译技巧对英语自然地理术语的汉译展开研究，以期使读者真切明白原文所表达的准确意思，并希望能对以后的自然地理翻译工作有所帮助。
关键词：自然地理术语；对等原则；构词法；翻译方法

On the Chinese Translation of
English Physical Geographical Terms
Abstract：In recent years, physical geography plays an important role in providing solutions to major issues like climate change, energy dependence and globalization, it is more significant today than ever before. In the light of its importance and the translation needs, the thesis is attempting to study the translation of English physical geographical terms under the guidance of equivalence theory and some techniques. It is hoped that it could be helpful for the readers to get the accurate meaning of the original writer conveyed and for the geographical translation operating afterwards.
Key words：Physical geographic terms; Equivalence; Word formation; Translation techniques

Contents
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………1
Key words………………………………………….……………………………...………1
Introduction………………………………………………………………………1
1 An overview of English physical geographical terms .............….……………………3
1. 1 Characteristics of physical geographical terms……...……………………...………3
1. 2 Functions of physical geographical terms…………………………………………..4
1. 3 Formation rules of English physical geographic terms…………..…………………5
1.3.1 Affixation…………………………………………………………………………….5
1.3.2 Compounding ……………………………………………………………….………5
1.3.3 Blending………………………………………………………………………..…....6
1.3.4 Acronym ……………………………………………………………………….……6
1.3.5 Proper nouns………………………………………………………………………....6
1. 4 Existing problems in the physical geographical terms translation……………………7
2 Principles of equivalence in the translation of English physical geographical terms….8
2. 1 Formal equivalence…………………………………………….………...…………9
2. 2 Semantic equivalence……………………………………………...………......……9
2. 3 Functional equivalence………………………………………………….….………10
3 Techniques of translation of English physical geographical terms…….……...………12
3. 1 Transliteration…………………………………………….…………...…..….……12
3. 2 Literal translation …………………………………………………..……...……….12
3. 3 Free translation……………………………………………………...……...……….13
3.3.1 Expansion…………………………………………………………..….………….13
3.3.2 Reduction………………………………………………………………………….13
3.3.3 Adaptation………………………………………………………….……..……….13
3.3.4 Conversion……………………………………………………………………….14
3. 4 Application …………………………………………………………………...…….14
Conclusion………………………………………………………...............……………15
Notes……………………………………………………………....…………………...16
Bibliography…………………………………………..……………..........……………16
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………….…………17