中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究

中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究(毕业论文7760字)
摘  要：礼貌是一种交际行为，它由交谈中的礼貌语言和礼貌行为来体现。本论文主要从语用学角度比较研究不同文化中的礼貌语言——即礼貌用语。对于在说话时如何表现得礼貌，西方学者利奇认为，必须遵守“礼貌原则”。然而根据中国学者顾曰国的“礼貌理论”，有时候中国人所认为的礼貌用语，在英语国家的人来，却不是那么礼貌。为了找到足够的理论依据来解答这一困惑，本论文试图从语用学角度阐述并探究英汉礼貌用语的一些主要差异。
关键词： 礼貌用语；语用学；差异

Comparative Study on Chinese and English Politeness Expression ：A Pragmatic Perspective
Abstract: Politeness is part of social actions which can be manifested in communication by means of language as well as the act. Since this thesis mainly deals with the comparison of courtesy language, namely politeness expression, in different cultures from the perspective of pragmatics. To be polite in speaking, Leech thinks you should follow “Politeness Principle”, while according to Gu’s “politeness theory”，sometimes the expressions Chinese people considered to be polite may not be true according to English culture. In order to adequately provide an educated answer to this heartfelt question, this paper attempts to shed light on some of the important differences on polite expressions between Chinese and English.

Key words: politeness expression; pragmatics; differences
Contents
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………….1
Key words ………………………………………………………………………………………….1
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………...2
1 Literature review on politeness expression ……………………………………………………... 2
1.1    Conception of politeness ……………………………………………………………………... 2
1.1.1 Conception of politeness in English culture ………………………………………………… 2
1.1.2 Conception of politeness in Chinese culture………………………………………………….3
2 Different politeness principles…………………………………………………………………... 4
2.1 English politeness principles…………………………………………………………………...4
2.1.1 The Face Theory…………………………………………………………………………….. 4
2.1.2 Politeness Principle…………………………………………………………………………..5
2.1.3 Lakoff’s theory of politeness…………………………………………………………………6
2.2 Chinese politeness principles………………………………………………………………….. 6
2.2.1 Gu’s maxims………………………………………………………………………………… 7
2.2.2 Mao’s view…………………………………………………………………………………...8
2.3 Comparison between Chinese Politeness Principles and English Politeness Principles……… 9
3 Comparison of Chinese and English pragmatic failure in politeness expression………………. 10
3.1 Categories of pragmatic failure……………………………………………………………….. 10
3.1.1 Pragmalinguistic failure…………………………………………………………………….. 10
3.1.2 Sociopragmatic failure……………………………………………………………………….11
4 Cultural influences on politeness………………………………………………………………...13
4.1 Culture differences …………………………………………………………………………….13
4.2 Differences on greeting and parting ………………………………………………………….. 14
4.3 Different terms of addressing ………………………..……………………………………….. 15
4.4 Differences on compliment and response ……………………………………………………..16
4.5 Differences between face and “面子” or “脸” …….................................................... 16
4.6 Different considerations of privacy and individualism ........................................................................... 17
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………... 18
Notes ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………………… 19
Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………. 20