抑制烟草黑胫病菌放线菌的分离与筛选

抑制烟草黑胫病菌放线菌的分离与筛选(7800字)
摘  要：烟草黑胫病(Phytophthora nicotiana Breda de Haan)是烟草的毁灭性病害，同时也是世界烟草生产中危害最严重的病害之一，相对化学防治对环境和生态造成的污染，生物防治成为了可持续农业中植物病害防治的首选手段。为了寻找对黑胫病菌起到拮抗作用的放线菌，我们从烟草土样中分离到24个放线菌菌株，经对峙生长试验和培养滤液抑菌试验，从中筛选出的编号为F的菌株对烟草黑胫病菌有显著抑菌活性，用其培养滤液对烟草黑胫病菌进行抑制效果测定，菌丝抑制率均60%以上为烟草黑胫病的生物防治提供一种可行生物原料。
  
关键词：烟草黑胫病；放线菌；拮抗；筛选；
   
The Separation and Selection of an Actinomycete Which Can Restrain Yhe Tobacco Black Shank
Abstract: The tobacco black shank is a destructive disease of tobacco; meanwhile, it is one of the most serious diseases in world tobacco growing. Compared to the environment and ecology pollution made by chemical control, biologic control is preferred to deal with plant disease in sustainable agriculture. In order to find the actinomyetes which has antagonism to the tobacco black shank, we separate 24 actinomycete strains from examples of tobacco-growing soil. Through the confrontation between the growth and culture filtrate and antibacterial experiments, we select the strain numbering F has obviously antibacterial activity. We use its culture filtrate to test the antagonism to the tobacco black shank and find the average inhibition rate of mycelium is over 60 percent, which provide a possible biological material for us to take the biologic control. 
Key words：The tobacco black shank；Actinomycetes；Antagonist；Selection
 

目  录
摘  要    1
关键词    1
1 前言    2
2 材料和方法    5
2.1 土样采集    5
2.2 供试培养基    5
2.3 供测病原真菌    5
2.4 土壤放线菌菌株的分离    5
2.5 菌种保存    5
2.6 拮抗放线菌的筛选    6
2.6.1 放线菌活体菌株对病原真菌抑菌活性测定    6
2.6.2 放线菌摇瓶发酵产物对病原菌抑菌活性的测定    6
3 结果与分析    6
3.1 土壤放线菌菌株分离结果    6
3.2 具有拮抗作用的放线菌初筛结果    7
3.3 F菌株对烟草黑胫病菌的拮抗效果    7
3.4 F菌株发酵产物对烟草黑胫病菌拮抗效果    8
3.5 F菌株及其发酵产物的抑制率    9
4.结论与讨论    9
4.1 结论    9
4.2    讨论    9
参考文献    9
致  谢    10