摘要：基于湖南省2008年畜牧业统计年报数据和各种估算参数,估算了湖南省2008年主要畜禽废弃物排放总量及其有机质、氮、磷、钾含量。结果表明,湖南省2008年主要畜禽粪便排放总量为7154.11万t,尿排放总量为6523.03万t,折算成氮66.07万t、磷34.57万t、钾72.70万t。不同畜禽中,生猪的畜禽粪便排放量最高,占湖南省排放总量的81.4%;其次为肉牛,占排放总量的9.4%。尿的排放总量构成中,生猪的排放量最高,占总量的96.2%;其次为肉牛,占2.4%。不同地市中以衡阳市的畜禽废弃物排放总量最高,其次是邵阳市、长沙市、永州市和岳阳市,5市的总和接近湖南省粪便排放总量的一半。湖南省畜禽粪便农用地的平均负荷高达40.79t•hm−2,远远超过了全国平均负荷4.19t•hm−2,说明湖南省农村生态环境面临着畜禽养殖污染的巨大生态压力。
关键词：湖南省；畜禽废弃物；排放量；农地负荷
Estimation of annual total livestock/poultry wastes in Hunan Province
Abstract：Based on statistical data and various related parameters, annual total wastes from main livestock/poultry in Hunan Province was evaluated for 2008. The study shows that gross livestock/poultry excrement in 2008 comprises of 7154.11×104tons of feces and 6523.03×104tons of urine. The total livestock/poultry excrement contains 66.07×104tons N, 34.57×104tons P, and 72.70×104tons K. Among the main livestock/poultry (pig, cattle, sheep, rabbit and chicken), pigs excrete the highest amount of feces, accounting for 81.4% of the total excrement. This is followed by cattle, accounting for 9.4% of the total excrement.96.2% of the livestock/poultry urine is also produced by pigs, followed by cattle (2.4%). The highest amount of livestock/poultry wastes comes from Hengyang City, followed by Shaoyang City, Changsha City,Yongzhou City and Yueyang City. Excrement from these five cities accounts for almost half of total livestock/poultry excrement in Hunan Province. Average excretion load of croplands is 40.79 t•hm−2, which is much higher than the 4.19 t•hm−2national average. This finding suggests that rural environments of Henan Province are confronted with severe pollution and ecological risks.
Key words：Hunan Province；Livestock/poultry wastes；Discharge amount；Cropland load
目 录 7000字
摘要： 1
关键词： 1
1前言 2
2材料与方法 3
2.1基础数据 3
2.2畜禽饲养期估算 4
2.3排粪尿量估算 4
2.3.1单头(只)畜禽粪尿日排放量 4
2.3.2年粪尿排放总量 4
2.4畜禽粪尿中氮、磷、钾含量 4
3结果与分析 5
3.1湖南省畜禽废弃物产生总量 5
3.2湖南省不同畜禽废弃物产生总量 5
3.3不同地区的畜禽废弃物产生总量 6
3.4畜禽粪便中有机质、氮、磷和钾排放量 6
3.5湖南省单位面积耕地畜禽粪便污染负荷 7
4 结论与建议 7
4.1 总结 7
4.2 控制畜禽养殖业污染的建议 7
4.2.1 加强立法与管理，增强养殖户的环保意识 7
4.2.2 通过营养调控降低禽畜排泄物的污染 8
4.2.3 改善畜禽养殖业的饮水方式和粪便收集方式 8
4.2.4 研制畜禽养殖业废弃物资源化技术 8
4.2.5 畜禽废水的终端人工处理 9
参考文献 9
致 谢 10 |
