多式联运

多式联运(中文5000字,英文4000字)
关键词：多式联运，货运，运营研究
1简介
多式联运可以被定义为一个人或物以至少两种运输方式从起点到目的地，两种运输方式之间的转换在多式联运港站实现。这个概念非常普遍，因此多式联运对很多人来说意味着很多东西：如通过卡车、铁路、海运和专用铁路服务的联运，以集装箱和拖车的形式实现集装箱化货物的长距离运输、国际货物运输的主要运输方式、欧洲共同体定义运输政策的中心环节、结合私人（例如汽车）和公共（例如轻轨）交通工具的旅行等等。因此，必须从几个定义开始，设置术语并限制本章的范围。虽然客运和货运都涉及到多式联运，但本章主要涉及的是客运的多式联运。
Intermodal Transportation
1 Introduction
Intermodal transportation may be defined as the transportation of a person or a load from its origin to its destination by a sequence of at least two transportation modes, the transfer from one mode to the next being performed at an intermodal terminal. The concept is very general and thus, it means many things to many people: transportation of containerized cargo by a combination of truck, rail, and ocean shipping, dedicated rail services to move massive quantities of containers and trailers over long distances, main transportation mode for the international movement of goods, central piece in defining transportation policy for the European Community, trips undertaken by a combination of private (e.g., car) and public (e.g., light rail) transport, and so on. One must therefore start with a few definitions to set the terminology and limit the scope of this chapter. First, although both people and freight transportation can be examined from an intermodal perspective, we limit the scope of this chapter to freight.