面向对象和C++

面向对象和C++(中文4700字,英文3100字)
C++是目前所使用的众多编程语言中的一种。为什么会有那么多的语言？为什么总会有新的语言不断出现？编程语言可以帮助程序员方便实现从设计到实现。第一个编程语言对基本的机器结构有很大的依赖性。这时程序的细节很笨重。只有硬件设计师了解如何在其他成分之外建立计算机体系，语言设计者同样认识到程序可以在一个高水平的环境编写，因而是程序员可以不必了解机器的细节。
一种语言不仅要符合一种范例，而且能够使用多种范例提供的特性和特征。混合语言，如C++，综合了两到三种范例。C++包括了命令和程序范例的特性，例如，其前身—C,和面向对象范例。
命令范例：命令范例的特性是计算机的抽象模型和巨大的内存存储。这是计算机体系的von Neumann模型。计算命令，由一系列的命令组成，以代码形式存储。命令可以使机器找到解决方法，使用指定命令改变存储，变量读取，算术和逻辑表达式，条件分枝控制执行流。
 
Object-Orientation and C++
  C++ is just one of many programming languages in use today. Why are there so many languages? Why do new ones appear every few years? Programming languages have evolved to help programmers ease the transition from design to implementation.
  Each programming language imparts a particular programming style or design philosophy on its programmers. With the multitude of programming languages available today, a number of such design philosophies have emerged. These design philosophies, called programming paradigms, help us to think about problems and formulate solutions.
  Software Design through Paradigms
  When designing small computer programs or large software systems, we often have a mental model of the problem we are trying to solve. How do we devise a mental model of a software system? Programming paradigms offer many different ways of designing and thinking about software systems. A paradigm can be thought of as a mental model or as a framework for designing and describing a software system's structure. The model helps us think about and formulate solutions.