图形化用户界面

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图形化用户界面(中文2400字,英文1600字)
设计中要遵循的一条基本原则就是：“让简单的事情变得容易，让困难的事情变得可行。”
Java 1.0版本中的图形用户界面（graphycal user interface，GUI）库，其最初的设计目标是帮助程序员编写在所有平台上都能良好表现的GUI程序。遗憾的是这个目标没有达成。事实是Java 1.0提供的“抽象窗口工具包”（Abstract Window Tookit，AWT）在所有的系统上表现得都不太好，而且限制颇多，你只能使用四种字体，也不能访问存在于本地操作系统上的任何成熟的GUI组件。Java 1.0的AWT模型非常笨拙，并且不是面向对象的。在我课上的一个学生（在Java创建期间他曾在Sun工作）解释了其原因：最初版本的AWT是在一个月内构思、设计和实现的。从生产率上看，这确实很惊人，不过这也是说明为什么精心设计如此重要的反面教材。

Graphical User Interfaces
A fundamental design guideline is “Make simple things easy,and difficult things possible.”
The original design goal of the graphical user interface (GUI) library in Java 1.0 was to allow the programmer to build a GUI that looks good on all platforms.That goal was not achieved. Instead the Java 1.0 Abstract Windowing Tookit (AWT) produced a GUI that looked equally mediocre on all systems.In addition,it was restrictive; you could use only four fonts and you couldn’t access any of the more sophisticated GUI elements that exist in your opetating system.The Java 1.0 AWT programming model was also awkward and non-object-oriented. A student in one of my seminars(who had been at Sun during the creation of Java)explained why:The original AWT had been conceived, designed, and implemented in a mouth.Certainly a marvel of productivity,and also an object lesson in why design is important.