基于ZigBee技术的自习室人数监测系统设计(论文14000字)
摘要ZigBee 是无线传感器网络的部署和应用的一项新技术。ZigBee网络协议和 IEEE802.15.4 技术标准为ZigBee的开发提供了基础。射频信号作为无线数据传输的手段，这一波段下的信号传输功耗很低，相对来说，开发成本也不高。每一个端节点需要的电能很少,在只有电池供电的情况下,也能够持续供电很长时间。本文利用ZigBee 技术和红外关电传感器的结合,用来完成 ZigBee 无线传感器网络的建立,实现一个协调器点对应多个终端节点之间的通信。ZigBee技术的在生活着还有很多的应用，例如：智能家居、楼宇自动化、现代化农业的控制、现代化交通的监测等多个领域[1]。
本文是把ZigBee技术应用到人数监测系统中，实现对自习室中学生人数的监测与显示，以便于学生查询并找到合适的自习教室。同时也完成了每个节点的硬件设计及焊接和软件的编写工作。节点可划分为电源模块、教室计数模块、LCD显示等模块。考虑到成本、通信数据量以及功耗和安全问题，本文将以CC2530作为本次设计的主控芯片。人数采集模块才采用的是红外光电传感器，该传感器开发成本低，测量精度在可接受范围之内。软件程序的是在TI公司开发的ZigBee协议栈--Z-Stack的基础上进行修改，包括串口的通信、数据的采集、网络组建、无线通信等程序的编写。经过不断的硬件的修改和软件的调试，系统的网络组建和数据传输功能得到了充分的证明。
关键字：人数监测； ZigBee；Z-Stack；红外光电传感器
The Monitoring System of Self - study Room Based on ZigBee Technology
Abstract：ZigBee is a new technology for the deployment and application of wireless sensor networks.ZigBee network protocol and IEEE802.15.4 technical standards for the development of ZigBee provides the basis.RF signal as a means of wireless data transmission,The signal transmission power in this band is very low.Relatively speaking, the development costs are not high.Each end node needs little power.In the case of battery-powered, but also can continue to power for a long time.In this paper, the combination of ZigBee technology and infrared power sensor is used to complete the establishment of ZigBee wireless sensor network, and realize that a coordinator point corresponds to the communication between multiple terminal nodes.ZigBee technology in the life there are many applications, such as: smart home, building automation, modern agricultural control, modern traffic monitoring and other fields.
This paper is to ZigBee technology applied to the number of monitoring system, to achieve the number of students in the study room monitoring and display, in order to facilitate students to find and find a suitable self-study classrooms.But also completed the hardware design and welding of each node and the preparation of software.The nodes can be divided into power modules, classroom counting modules, LCD display modules.Taking into account the cost, the amount of communication data and power and security issues, this article will CC2530 as the design of the master chip.The number of acquisition modules is used in infrared photoelectric sensor, the sensor development costs are low, the measurement accuracy within the acceptable range.The software program is modified on the basis of ZigBee protocol stack - Z-Stack developed by TI company, including serial communication, data collection, network establishment, wireless communication and so on.After continuous hardware modification and software debugging, the system network configuration and data transmission function has been fully proved.
Key words：Number monitoring; ZigBee；Z-Stack；Infrared photoelectric sensor
目 录
第一章 绪论 5
1.1设计的背景和研究意义 5
1.2 自习室监测系统的特点 5
1.3国内外研究现状 6
1.3.1 ZigBee技术的国内外研究现状 6
1.3.2人数监测系统的国内外研究现状 6
1.4论文的内容及安排 7
1.4.1主要内容 7
1.4.2论文的安排 7
第二章 ZigBee技术的概述 9
2.1 ZigBee的介绍 9
2.1.1 ZigBee技术的特点 9
2. 1.2 ZigBee与其它通信方式的比较 10
2.1.3 ZigBee的网络拓扑结构 11
2.2 ZigBee的协议标准 12
2.2.1物理层（PHY） 12
2.2.2 介质访问层（MAC） 12
2.2.3 网络层（NWK） 12
2.2.4应用层（APP） 13
2.3本章小结 13
第三章 系统硬件电路 14
3.1设计原则 14
3.2系统的总体设计 14
3.3 CC2530核心模块 15
3.3.1 CC2530芯片介绍 15
3.3.2 CC2530外围电路设计 16
3.4电池板模块 18
3.5光电传感器模块 21
3.6本章小结 22
第四章 系统的软件设计 23
4.1 ZigBee开发平台 23
4.1.1 IAR Embedded Workbench7.60 23
4.1.2 Z-Stack协议栈 23
4.2 ZigBee网络的建立 24
4.3 ZigBee网络的加入 25
4.4终端程序设计 26
4.5本章小结 27
第五章 系统软硬件的调试 28
5.1搭建实验平台 28
5.2本章小结 29
第六章 总结和展望 30
6.1 本文工作总结 30
6.2 工作展望 30
参考文献 31
致 谢 32
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