基于FPGA和VGA的新型闪电电场测量及定位系统(论文13000字)
摘 要：针对目前闪电电场测量方法存在带宽窄、采样速率慢、共模干扰较大等问题，提出一种以新型FPGA器件Artix-7的软核 Microblaze为核心，辅以天线、微弱信号调理、宽带放大、单端转差分电路、高速ADC采样、VGA显示、北斗定位、温湿度传感器等模块设计的高速电场采集和定位系统。利用软核Microblaze实现数据传输、处理和各硬件模块的驱动；利用Verilog HDL设计测量电场幅度和频率的实体。信号调理电路保证了系统的宽频带；高速ADC采样电路采用差分输入，提高了系统的抗噪声能力；FPGA直接驱动VGA显示电场曲线和定位信息，无需电脑软件，提高了系统的集成度并降低了成本,使得全国范围内布点成为可能。对不同频率和幅度的电场信号进行了测量，实验结果表明系统带宽可达到20MHz,最大误差为0.79V/m。
关键词：高速测量；MicroBlaze软核；定位预警；VGA通信；频率响应
A new type of Lightning Electric Field Measurement and Positioning
System based on FPGA and VGA
Abstract: In view of the problems of narrow bandwidth, slow sampling rate and large common mode interference in the current lightning field measurement method, a soft core Microblaze based on a new type of FPGA device, Artix-7, is proposed, with antenna, weak signal conditioning, broadband amplification, single end differential circuit, high-speed ADC sampling, VGA display, Beidou location, temperature and humidity. A high speed electric field acquisition and location system is designed. The soft core Microblaze is used to realize data transmission, processing and the drive of each hardware module. Verilog HDL is used to design the entities measuring the amplitude and frequency of electric field. The signal conditioning circuit ensures the wideband of the system; the high speed ADC sampling circuit uses the differential input to improve the system's ability to resist noise; FPGA directly drives VGA to display the electric field curve and location information without computer software, which improves the system integration and reduces the cost, making it possible for the whole country to be distributed within the range. The electric field signals of different frequencies and amplitudes are measured. The experimental results show that the bandwidth of the system can reach 20MHz and the maximum error is 0.79V/m.
Key words: high-speed measurement; MicroBlaze soft-core ;Positioning early warning; VGA communication; Frequency response
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1引言 1
1.2目前研究现状 1
1.3课题主要研究内容 1
2 测量原理及总体方案 2
2.1闪电电场测量的基本原理 2
2.2总体硬件方案 3
2.3 FPGA软核MicroBlaze的控制结构 4
3.硬件电路设计 4
3.1积分及信号调理电路 4
3.2单端信号转差分及高速A/D电路设计 6
3.3 矩阵键盘电路设计 8
3.4定位授时电路设计 8
3.5语音播报电路设计 8
3.6 VGA电路设计 9
3.7温湿度采集电路的设计 10
4 FGPA测量电场的实体电路 11
4.1高速AD采集、处理及波形缓存 11
4.1.1采样接口实体电路设计 11
4.1.2电压计算和波形缓存 12
4.2电场频率和脉宽测量 12
4.2.1频率测量 12
4.2.2脉宽测量 14
4.3 VGA显示实体 14
5 MicroBlaze软核控制设计 16
5.1 MicroBlaze软核 16
5.2定位及时间授时 17
5.3语音播报、按键控制及温湿度采集 17
6 系统调试和测试 18
6.1积分及信号调理模块测试 19
6.2电场强度采集波形显示测试 19
6.3 VGA视频显示器接口模块测试 20
6.4电场强度测量效果测试 20
6.5电场的频率和脉宽测量 21
6.6定位及温湿度测量效果测试 22
7 总结 22
7.1特色和创新 22
7.2可拓展之处 22
7.3心得体会 23
参考文献 24
致谢 25
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